Legal Literacy: The New Currency of Entrepreneurship

For most of the last decade, legal has been the thing founders put off. You raise a round, you sign a stack of documents you half-read, and you tell yourself you’ll “sort the legal stuff out properly” once you can afford a lawyer. Legal sits in the same mental bucket as a nice office or a finance team: a sign you’ve made it, not something you do yourself.

I think that mental model is quietly breaking, and the teams breaking it are the ones moving fastest.

Here’s what I keep seeing. The leanest companies aren’t waiting until they can hire a general counsel. They’re bringing routine legal work in-house far earlier than that, but not by hiring lawyers at all.

They’re equipping the people they already have – the commercial and operations folks – to handle the bread-and-butter legal work themselves. Legal is shifting from something you buy to something you build internally. And, I’d argue it’s becoming a core founder and operator skill in the same way that basic finance or basic hiring already are.

Why this is happening now

A few things have changed at once.

The first is cost and speed, which were always the real problem. If you’re a 40-person company selling complex services, you might sign a few hundred contracts a year: NDAs, sales agreements, data processing addenda, supplier terms, consultancy agreements. None of them are individually hard. But routing every one of them to an external firm at €350 an hour, or letting them sit in a queue for nine days, is how you lose deals.

I’ve watched companies nearly lose customers because an NDA got stuck in legal review. That’s an absurd reason to lose revenue, and founders are increasingly unwilling to accept it.

The second is that the work itself is more repeatable than the profession likes to admit. A genuinely large share of the contracts a growing company signs are the same document with different names on it. The job isn’t bespoke legal reasoning. It’s applying a consistent position, spotting the handful of clauses that actually matter, and getting to signature. That is a process, and processes can be owned by smart non-lawyers given the right tools and guardrails.

The third is that the tooling finally caught up. For years, the LegalTech category mostly meant a better place to store your PDFs, or a search bar with a chatbot bolted on. That’s not the same as something that can actually draft, review against your standard positions, and flag the bits a human needs to look at. The gap between “I need a lawyer for this” and “I can handle this myself” has narrowed a lot, and it’s still narrowing.

Put those together and you get a real shift. The bottleneck was never that founders couldn’t understand a mutual NDA. It was that doing legal yourself used to be slow, risky, and lonely. Less so now.

What teams can reasonably own

I want to be precise here, because “do your own legal” is exactly the kind of advice that gets people into trouble when applied carelessly.

The work that teams can sensibly own is high-volume, low-variance, and well-understood: NDAs in both directions, standard sales contracts where you’re the one setting the terms, order forms and renewals, straightforward supplier and vendor agreements, basic employment and contractor paperwork off a known template, and the data processing agreements that now ride along with almost every B2B deal.

This is the long tail of legal admin that eats hours and rarely needs genuine judgement but just consistency and a clear playbook.

The trick that makes this safe is the playbook. Before anyone on a commercial team touches a contract, someone senior, often with a lawyer’s input once, needs to decide the standard positions: what you’ll accept, what you’ll push back on, where your hard lines are.

Once that exists, applying it is an operations task, not a legal one. The expensive legal brain is spent setting the rules, and the day-to-day is spent following them.

Where the boundary sits

Equally, there’s work you should not be self-serving, and pretending otherwise is reckless.

Anything genuinely bespoke or high-stakes still needs a professional: your fundraising documents, M&A, a real dispute or anything heading towards litigation, regulatory questions specific to your sector, and bespoke commercial deals where the counterparty has drafted something unusual and the numbers are large.

The test I use is simple: if getting it wrong could materially hurt the company and it’s hard to reverse, that’s lawyer territory, full stop.

So the model isn’t “fire your lawyers.” It’s the opposite of binary. You handle the 80% that’s routine in-house – fast and cheap – and you reserve your legal budget and your external counsel for the 20% that actually warrants it.

Most companies currently have this exactly backwards, paying premium rates for commodity legal work and then rushing the genuinely important stuff because the budget’s already gone.

How this reshapes building and scaling

This changes a couple of things about how you build a company, and I think they’re worth naming.

It impacts hiring. The first “legal hire” at a lot of companies increasingly isn’t a lawyer at all. It’s an operations or commercial person who’s comfortable owning the contract process, sitting on top of good tooling and a clear playbook.

You bring in a real lawyer later, and when you do, they spend their time on strategy and the hard cases rather than turning around NDAs. That’s a better job for them and a better use of the money.

It changes go-to-market. If your commercial team can self-serve the legal side of a deal, your sales cycle gets shorter.